References

Here you can find all the references from my book. I try to keep the links correct. However, sometimes links change. If you find a broken link, please let me know by mail: co2brains (at) gmail (dot) com.

Atmosphere, CO2 on my mind

PART 1 – EARTHS’ HISTORY

Chapter 1 – Flying Reptiles

  1. Wellnhofer, Peter (2008). “A short history of pterosaur research”.Zitteliana B. 28: 7–19
  2. Witton, Mark (2013). Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy. Princeton University Press.
  3. Matt Martyniuk, Mark Witton and Darren Naish
  4. Robert A. Berner (1987), Yale University, Gary P. Landis, U.S. Geological Survey, Gas Bubbles in Fossil Amber as Possible Indicators of the Major Gas Composition of Ancient Air
  5. Dinosaur Theory
  6. Nicholas R. Longrich, David M. Martill, Brian Andres (2018), Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary
  7. Wikipedia on Ice Cores

Chapter 2 – The Early Atmosphere

  1. (1755) Immanuel Kant, “Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens”, (1796) Pierre Laplace
  2. Peter D. Ward and Donald Brownlee, “The Life and Death of Planet Earth”
  3. Hublin, J. et al. Nature 546, 289-292 (2017).
  4. Heinrich D. Holland, “The oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans”
  5. T.S. Eliot, ”Journey of the Magi”
  6. Coleman AP (1907) A lower Huronian ice age. Am J Sci 23:187–192; Bekker A. (2014) Huronian Glaciation. In: Amils R. et al. (eds) Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  7. Kopp, Robert & Kirschvink, Joseph. (2004). The Earth’s Worst Climate Disaster.
  8. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geologic_Clock_with_events_and_periods.svg

Chapter 3 – Atmosphere During Our Evolution

  1. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-19943590
  2. Tobias P.V. (2006). “Homo habilis—A Premature Discovery: Remembered by One of Its Founding Fathers, 42 Years Later”. The First Humans – Origin and Early Evolution of the Genus Homo. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 7–15
  3. David A. Raichlen; Adam D. Gordon; William E. H. Harcourt-Smith; Adam D. Foster; Wm. Randall Haas Jr (2010). Rosenberg, Karen (ed.). “Laetoli Footprints Preserve Earliest Direct Evidence of Human-Like Bipedal Biomechanics”
  4. Herries, Andy I. R.; Martin, Jesse M.; Leece, A. B.; Adams, Justin W.; Boschian, Giovanni; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Edwards, Tara R.; Mallett, Tom; Massey, Jason; Murszewski, Ashleigh; Neubauer, Simon (3 April 2020). “Contemporaneity of Australopithecus, Parantrhopus, and early Homo erectus in South Africa”
  5. http://www.climatedata.info/proxies/ice-cores/
  6. https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2948/milankovitch-orbital-cycles-and- their-role-in-earths-climate/
  7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_precession.svg
  8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles#/media/File:Earth_obliquity_range.svg
  9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eccentricity_half.svg
  10. https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/The-Complete-History-Of- Fossil-Fuels.amp.html

PART 2 – IMPACT ON THE HUMAN BODY

Chapter 4 – The Era of Accelerated CO₂

  1. https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/weather/CirrusFinal.pdf
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947_Cape_Sable_hurricane
  3. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1947_Atlantic_hurricane_8_track.png
  4. J. S. Sawyer (1 September 1972). “Man-made Carbon Dioxide and the “Greenhouse” Effect”. Nature. 239
  5. Broecker, W. S. (1975). “Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?”, Science. 189
  6. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/climate-change-the-ipcc-1990-and-1992-assessments/
  7. Meehl, G.A., T.F. Stocker, W.D. Collins, P. Friedlingstein, A.T. Gaye, J.M. Gregory, A. Kitoh, R. Knutti, J.M. Murphy, A. Noda, S.C.B. Raper, I.G. Watterson, A.J. Weaver and Z.-C. Zhao, 2007: Global Climate Projections. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA., page 791
  8. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All_forcing_agents CO2_equivalent_concentration.svg
  9. https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/ocean-topics/how-the-ocean-works/ocean-chemistry/ocean-acidification/the-ph-scale/
  10. Lønborg Christian, Carreira Cátia, Jickells Tim, Álvarez-Salgado Xosé Antón, “Impacts of Global Change on Ocean Dissolved Organic Carbon”, Frontiers in Marine Science (2020)
  11. N. Bednaršek, R. A. Feely, J. C. P. Reum, B. Peterson, J. Menkel, S. R. Alin and B. Hales, “Limacina helicina shell dissolution as an indicator of declining habitat suitability owing to ocean acidification in the California Current Ecosystem”
  12. NOAA’s National Ocean Service, https://www.flickr.com/photos/usoceangov/4147577833/
  13. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2019-048-En.pdf
  14. University of Exeter, (2018) “Climate predictions should include impacts of CO2 on life”

Chapter 5 – Observed impacts on humans

  1. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/study-of-astronaut-twins-hints-at-spaceflight-health-effects
  2. Peter R. Cavanagh; Angelo A. Licata & Andrea J. Rice (June 2005), “Exercise and pharmacological countermeasures for bone loss during long-duration space flight”
  3. https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/17/world/survivors-tell-of-submarine-horrors.html
  4. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1991-01-06-9101020529-story.html
  5. Amit Saad, Carmel Kala, Sharon Ohayon, Lior Feldman, Eran Galil, Yoav Yanir, Dan Nemet, Itamar Netze, “Assessment of the Risk of Fractures Because of Service on Diesel Submarines: A Retrospective Cohort Study“
  6. Gasier HG, Hughes LM, Young CR, Richardson AM., “The assessment of bone mineral content and density of the lumbar spine and proximal femur in US submariners”
  7. Luria T, Matsliah Y, Adir Y, Josephy N, Moran DS, Evans RK, Abramovich A, Eliakim A, Nemet D., “Effects of a prolonged submersion on bone strength and metabolism in young healthy submariners”
  8. Shivani Patel; Julia H. Miao; Ekrem Yetiskul; Anya Anokhin; Sapan H. Majmundar., “Physiology, Carbon Dioxide Retention”
  9. Nancy S Krieger, Kevin K Frick, David A Bushinsky, “Mechanism of acid-induced bone resorption”
  10. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/b4h-3rd/hh-ultrasound-to-zap-kidney-stones
  11. Alexandro Andrade, Fábio Hech Dominski, Marcelo Luiz Pereira, Carla Maria de Liz and Giorgio Buonanno, “Fitness centers demonstrate CO2 concentration levels above recommended standards”
  12. Steffen Künn, Juan Palacios, Nico Pestel, “Indoor Air Quality and Cognitive Performance”
  13. Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives, Usha Satish,Mark J. Mendell,corresponding author Krishnamurthy Shekhar, Toshifumi Hotchi, Douglas Sullivan, Siegfried Streufert, and William J. Fisk, “Is CO2 an Indoor Pollutant? Direct Effects of Low-to-Moderate CO2 Concentrations on Human Decision-Making Performance”
  14. Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives, Joseph G. Allen , Piers MacNaughton, Usha Satish, Suresh Santanam, Jose Vallarino, and John D. Spengler, “Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments”
  15. Kristopher B. Karnauskas, Shelly L. Miller, Anna C. Schapiro, “Fossil Fuel Combustion Is Driving Indoor CO2 Toward Levels Harmful to Human Cognition”
  16. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/2020-08/Carbon-Dioxide.pdf
  17. Phil Bierwirth, Australian National University, “Carbon dioxide toxicity and climate change: a major unapprehended risk for human health”
  18. https://www.alcohol.org/effects/
  19. https://www.alcoholrehabguide.org/alcohol/effects/

Chapter 6 – What happens when we breathe

  1. The Mechanics of Human Breathing. (2020, August 15). https://bio.libretexts.org/@go/page/14029
  2. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_exchange_in_theaveolus_simple(en).svg
  3. Anatomy & Physiology. Provided by: OpenStax CNX, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ap2/chapter/gas-exchange/ License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

PART 3 – THE ROAD AHEAD

Chapter 7 – Insufficient strategies

  1. Herbert L. Needleman, “The Removal of Lead from Gasoline: Historical and Personal Reflections”
  2. Richard G. Newell and Kristian Rogers, “The U.S. Experience with the Phasedown of Lead in Gasoline”
  3. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
  4. Mark Roelfsema, Heleen L. van Soest, Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan, “Taking stock of national climate policies to evaluate implementation of the Paris Agreement”
  5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Total_CO2_by_Region.svg
  6. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region
  7. https://www.overshootday.org/newsroom/infographics/
  8. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-co2-embedded-in-trade
  9. https://www.dn.dk/nyheder/danmarks-naturfredningsforening-dumper-regeringens-klimaplan/
  10. “The Economic Possibilities of our Grandchildren” (1930). E McGaughey, “Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Full Employment, Basic Income, and Economic Democracy” (2018)
  11. https://cen.acs.org/materials/energy-storage/time-serious-recycling-lithium/97/i28
  12. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/12/climate/texas-methane-super-emitters.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article
  13. Benjamin Hmiel, V. V. Petrenko, M. N. Dyonisius, C. Buizert, A. M. Smith, P. F. Place, C. Harth, R. Beaudette, Q. Hua, B. Yang, I. Vimont, S. E. Michel, J. P. Severinghaus, D. Etheridge, T. Bromley, J. Schmitt, X. Faïn, R. F. Weiss & E. Dlugokencky, “Preindustrial 14CH4 indicates greater anthropogenic fossil CH4 emissions”, Nature 578, pages409–412 (2020)

Chapter 8 – Fusion a Moonshot Project

  1. https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1249.html
  2. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/dec/24/earthrise-how-the-iconic-image-changed-the-world
  3. https://www.earthday.org/
  4. https://www.nasa.gov/vision/space/features/jfk_speech_text.html
  5. https://thebulletin.org/2020/08/counting-the-dead-at-hiroshima-and-nagasaki/
  6. https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/china-nuclear-power.aspx
  7. https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=CN
  8. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deuterium-tritium_fusion.svg
  9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium%E2%80%93tritium_fusion
  10. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2021/executive-summary

Chapter 9 – Biofuels

  1. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/05/baltic-sea-oxygen-levels-at-1500-year-low-due-to-human-activity
  2. Credit: ESA, Envisat image of a phytoplankton bloom in the Baltic Sea, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
  3. https://freshwater-aquaculture.extension.org/if-algae-produce-oxygen-in-a-pond-how-can-having-too-much-algae-cause-an-oxygen-depletion/
  4. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/25/world/europe/farms-environment.html
  5. Daniel H. Rothman, “Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 500 million years”
  6. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/edg/media/BiofuelsMythVFact.pdf
  7. https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/biodiesel_blends.html
  8. https://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/hybrid-electric/a6326/4311498/
  9. https://allusesof.com/energy/75-uses-of-fossil-fuels-in-daily-life/
  10. https://research.csiro.au/anaccmethods/phycological- techniques/biomass-estimation/algal-growth-phases-including-determination-of-the-growth-rate-and-population-doubling-time/
  11. https://www.americanscientist.org/article/making-biofuel-from-microalgae
  12. https://www.fractracker.org/2017/12/global-oil-refineries-emissions/

Chapter 10 – We are in this together

  1. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Africa_satellite_plane.jpg
  2. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf
  3. https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2019-march-2020/drying-lake-chad-basin-gives-rise-crisis
  4. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co-emissions-by-region
  5. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-co2-embedded-in-trade
  6. https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/
  7. https://www.soletairpower.fi/
  8. https://energypost.eu/10000-sq-km-of-solar-in-the-sahara-could-provide-all-the-worlds-energy-needs/
  9. https://theconversation.com/solar-panels-in-sahara-could-boost-renewable-energy-but-damage-the-global-climate-heres-why-153992
  10. https://essay.utwente.nl/78100/1/Antonyan%2C%20M.%201817078%20_openbaar.pdf
  11. https://greener4life.com/blog/algae-as-fertilizer
  12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae_fuel
  13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29999416/
  14. https://making-biodiesel-books.com/algae-bioproducts/algae-bioplastics/make-bioplastics-from-algae/

CO2-Combat YouTube

CO2-Combat is a playlist with videos about several climate-change-related issues, explaining the earth’s climate history and evolution. You can find the playlist here.